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Isidingo se-inthanethi esheshayo kanye nezixazululo zokuxhuma ezithuthukisiwe sikhuphuke kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva nje. Ngenxa yalokho, intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ekuxhumaneni kwe-fibre-optic, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni ze-Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) kanye ne-Fiber-to-the-Room (FTTR), isibe yinto ebalulekile. Lezi zinhlelo zisebenzisa amakhono angenakuqhathaniswa e-optical fibers, njenge-Optical Fiber Cords kanye ne-Multi-Mode Optical Fibers, ukuze zinikeze abasebenzisi uxhumano lwe-inthanethi olusheshayo, oluthembekile, nolunamandla aphezulu. Lesi sihloko sigxila ekuthuthukisweni kwamuva kobuchwepheshe be-FTTH kanye ne-FTTR, sihlola ukuthi ziguqula kanjani indlela esixhumana futhi sixhumana ngayo.
Intuthuko ku-Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH)
Ubuchwepheshe be-FTTH buthathe intuthuko enkulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, kanti ukuthuthuka kwezintambo ze-Optical Fiber kudlala indima ebalulekile. Lokhu kuthuthuka kuholele ekwandeni okukhulu kwesivinini kanye nomthamo wokuxhumeka kwe-inthanethi yasekhaya. Izintambo ze-Optical Fiber zanamuhla zenzelwe ukuphatha imithwalo yedatha emikhulu, ukunciphisa ukubambezeleka nokuthuthukisa ulwazi lomsebenzisi jikelele. Lokhu kuzuzisa kakhulu izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga i-bandwidth ephezulu, njengokusakaza ividiyo, imidlalo ye-inthanethi, kanye nomsebenzi okude.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwe-Multi-Mode Optical Fibers nakho kube negalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwezinhlelo ze-FTTH. Ngokungafani ne-single-mode fibres, i-multi-mode fibres ingathwala izimpawu zokukhanya eziningi ngasikhathi sinye, okwandisa umthamo wokudlulisa idatha. Lokhu kuyenza ibe yindawo ekahle kakhulu yezinhlelo zokusebenza zokuhlala lapho amadivayisi amaningi exhuma khona kwi-inthanethi ngasikhathi sinye.
Ukuqamba okusha ku-Fiber-to-the-Room (FTTR)
I-FTTR iyintuthuko yakamuva kakhulu kubuchwepheshe be-fibre-optic, enweba izinzuzo ze-FTTH emakamelweni ngamanye ngaphakathi kwekhaya noma esakhiweni. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi igumbi ngalinye linoxhumano oluqondile lwe-fibre-optic, oluhlinzeka ngokufinyelela kwe-inthanethi okusheshayo nokuthembekile nakakhulu. Enye yentuthuko ebalulekile kubuchwepheshe be-FTTR ukuhlanganiswa kwezintambo ze-Optical Fiber nezinhlelo zasekhaya ezihlakaniphile. Lokhu kuvumela ukuxhumana okungenamthungo(Ibhokisi Ledeskithophu, Ibhokisi Lokusabalalisa) kanye nokulawulwa kwamadivayisi ahlukahlukene ahlakaniphile, okuthuthukisa ukulula nokusebenza kahle kokwenza izinto ngokuzenzakalela ekhaya.
Okunye okusha okubalulekile ku-FTTR ukusebenzisa ama-Multi-Mode Optical Fibers anobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokuqondisa nokushintsha. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwenza kube lula ukusatshalaliswa kwe-inthanethi esheshayo emakamelweni amaningi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukusebenza. Kuphinde kuvumele ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuphepha kwenethiwekhi ezithuthukisiwe, ukuqinisekisa ubumfihlo nokuphepha kwedatha yabasebenzisi.
Umthelela we-FTTH kanye ne-FTTR ekuxhumekeni nasekusebenzeni kwenethiwekhi
Ukuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe be-FTTH kanye ne-FTTR kube nomthelela omkhulu ekuxhumaneni nasekusebenzeni kwenethiwekhi. Ngokusetshenziswa okwandisiwe kwezintambo ze-Optical Fiber kanye ne-Multi-Mode Optical Fibers, abasebenzisi manje sebengajabulela isivinini se-inthanethi esisheshayo, ukubambezeleka okuphansi, kanye nomthamo wedatha ophezulu. Lokhu kuthuthukise kakhulu ikhwalithi yokuhlangenwe nakho kwe-inthanethi, kusukela ekusakazeni okuqukethwe okunencazelo ephezulu kuya ekuhlanganyeleni ezingqungqutheleni zevidiyo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kwezinhlelo ze-FTTR kulethe ukufinyelela kwe-inthanethi okusheshayo kuzo zonke izingxenye zekhaya noma isakhiwo. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke amadivayisi axhunyiwe(i-adaptha), kungakhathaliseki ukuthi indawo ikuphi, ingasebenza kahle kakhulu, ithuthukise ukusebenza kwenethiwekhi iyonke.
Ikusasa le-FTTH kanye ne-FTTR: Amathemba kanye Nezinselele
Njengoba sibheke phambili, ikusasa lobuchwepheshe be-FTTH kanye ne-FTTR libonakala lithembisa, ngamathuba amaningana ajabulisayo. Indawo eyodwa ebalulekile yokugxila ukuhlanganisa lezi zinhlelo nobuchwepheshe obusha njenge-5G, i-Internet of Things (IoT), kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa (AI). Lokhu kuhlangana kulindeleke ukuthi kuvulwe amathuba amasha emakhaya ahlakaniphile, ezokwelapha nge-telemedicine, kanye neqiniso elingokoqobo. Isibonelo, i-FTTH kanye ne-FTTR zinganikeza umgogodla wamanethiwekhi e-5G, ziqinisekise ukuxhumana okusheshayo nokuthembekile kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene.
Elinye ithemba elibalulekile ukwanda kwamanethiwekhi e-FTTH kanye ne-FTTR ezindaweni zasemakhaya nezinganakekelwa kahle. Njengoba ukuthembela okwandayo kwi-inthanethi kwezemfundo, umsebenzi, kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo, ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi esheshayo kulezi zifunda sekuyinto eza kuqala. Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe be-optical fiber, njengokuthuthukiswa kwezintambo ze-Optical Fiber ezihlala isikhathi eside futhi ezingabizi kakhulu, yenza ukwelula lezi zinsizakalo ezindaweni ezikude kube nokwenzeka.
Kodwa-ke, ukwamukelwa kabanzi kobuchwepheshe be-FTTH kanye ne-FTTR kuletha izinselelo eziningana. Esinye sezithiyo ezinkulu ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala okuphezulu okudingekayo ekuthuthukisweni kwengqalasizinda. Ukusebenzisa amanethiwekhi e-fibre-optic kuhilela izindleko eziphakeme, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinezindawo eziyinselele noma imikhawulo yengqalasizinda ekhona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinselelo zobuchwepheshe zihlotshaniswa nokufakwa nokugcinwa kwalezi zinhlelo, okudinga abasebenzi abanamakhono kanye nemishini ekhethekile.
Ukubhekana Nezinselele: Amasu Nezixazululo
Kuhlolwa amasu nezixazululo eziningana ukuze kunqotshwe izinselele ezihambisana nokusetshenziswa kwe-FTTH kanye ne-FTTR. Ubambiswano lukahulumeni nolwangasese luyavela njengesibonelo esisebenzayo sokuxhasa nokuqalisa amaphrojekthi amakhulu e-fibre-optic. Ohulumeni nezinkampani ezizimele bayasebenzisana ukuze babelane ngomthwalo wezezimali futhi basebenzise ulwazi lomunye nomunye ekuthuthukisweni kwenethiwekhi (I-ADSS, I-OPGW).
Ngokuphathelene nezinselele zobuchwepheshe, amasu okufaka kanye nokuthuthuka kwemishini kwenza inqubo ibe lula. Isibonelo, izindlela ezintsha zokubeka izintambo ze-Optical Fiber zinciphisa isikhathi kanye nomsebenzi odingekayo wokufakwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukisa imicu ye-optical yemodi eminingi eqinile futhi eguquguqukayo kuthuthukisa ukuqina kanye nokusebenza kwamanethiwekhi.
Isiphetho
Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe be-Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH) kanye ne-Fiber-to-the-Room (FTTR) ilethe ushintsho olukhulu ekuxhumekeni kwe-inthanethi. Ngejubane elisheshayo, ukuthembeka okukhulu, kanye nokusabalala okwandisiwe, lezi zinhlelo zibeka amazinga amasha okusebenza kwenethiwekhi. Naphezu kwezinselele, izinto ezintsha eziqhubekayo kanye nemizamo yokubambisana ivula indlela yekusasa elixhumene kakhulu nelithuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe. Njengoba i-FTTH kanye ne-FTTR ziqhubeka nokukhula, ngokungangabazeki zizodlala indima ebalulekile ekwakheni isimo sedijithali sekhulu lama-21.
