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Ngokuphathelene to Ukuxhumana okubonakalayo, ukulawulwa kwamandla kufakazela ukuthi kuyindlela ebalulekile uma kukhulunywa ngokuzinza kanye nekhono lezibonakaliso endaweni ezihlosiwe. Njengoba ukwanda kwesidingo sejubane kanye nomthamo wamanethiwekhi okuxhumana, kunesidingo sangempela sokuphatha amandla ezibonakaliso zokukhanya ezidluliselwa nge-fiber optics ngempumelelo. Lokhu kuholele ekudalweni kwe izithinti ze-fiber optic njengesidingo sokusetshenziswa kumafayibha. Anesicelo esibalulekile ekusebenzeni njengezinciphisi ngaleyo ndlela avimbele amandla amasignali okukhanya ukuthi akhuphuke kakhulu okubangela umonakalo emishinini eyamukelayo noma ngisho namaphethini esignali asontekile.
Ukuncipha kwefayibha okuyisimiso esiyisisekelo kusixhumanisi se-fiber optic kungachazwa njengokulahlekelwa okutholwa ngamandla esignali asesimweni sokukhanya njengoba edlula ku- ikhebula le-fiber opticLokhu kuncipha kungenzeka ngenxa yezizathu ezahlukahlukene ezihlanganisa ukuhlakazeka, ukumunca, kanye nokulahlekelwa ukugoba. Nakuba ukuncipha kwesignali kuyinto evamile, akumelwe kufinyelele emazingeni aphezulu njengoba kulimaza ukusebenza kahle kwezinhlelo zokuxhumana ze-optical. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, ama-attenuator asetshenziswa ngokoqobo ukunciphisa ukuqina kwesignali kuze kube sezingeni lokusetshenziswa kwayo ngempumelelo kanye nomthelela omncane esikhathini sokuphila kwenethiwekhi.
Ku- uhlelo lokuxhumana olubonakalayo, isignali kumele ibe sezingeni elithile lamandla elidingwa umamukeli ukuze acubungule isignali. Uma isignali inamandla aphezulu, khona-ke ithwala ngokweqile umamukeli futhi ngezinye izikhathi iholela emaphutheni, futhi uma isignali inamandla aphansi, umamukeli angase angakwazi ukubona isignali ngendlela efanele.Izithinti ze-fiber opticidlala indima ebalulekile ekulondolozeni ibhalansi enjalo ikakhulukazi lapho amabanga emafushane okuholela emazingeni aphezulu amandla angaba nomsindo ohlangothini olutholayo.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zama-fiber optic attenuators, ngalinye lazo lihlukaniswa ngokwakhiwa kwalo nomsebenzi walo: Ama-fixed attenuators nama-variable attenuators. Ama-fiber optic attenuators atholakala ngemiklamo nezinhlobo ezahlukene, futhi ngalinye lazo lifanele ukusetshenziswa noma isidingo esithile. Ama-Fixed Attenuators angama-attenuators ajwayelekile kuyilapho ama-variable attenuators engama-attenuators athile.
Ama-Attenuator Aqinile: Lawa ama-attenuator anikeza inani elijwayelekile lokuncishiswa futhi avame ukusetshenziswa ezimweni, lapho kudingeka khona izinga elihambisanayo lokuncishiswa. Ama-attenuator aqinile avame ukukhiqizwa amazinga athile okuncishiswa, ahlukahlukene angahluka kusuka ku-dB eminingana kuya kumashumi e-dB. Inzuzo eyinhloko yalezi zinhlobo zamafayibha ukuthi kulula ukuwasebenzisa kanye nokufakwa kwazo ezinhlelweni ezahlukene zokuxhumana ezijwayelekile ze-optical.
Ama-Variable Attenuators: Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-variable attenuators avumela inkululeko yokushintsha inani lokuncishiswa okusetshenziswayo ngenxa yohlobo lwawo oluhlukahlukene ekwakhiweni kwe-attenuator. Lokhu kulungiswa kungaba ngesandla noma kungenziwa lula ngokusebenzisa izilawuli ze-elekthronikhi. Ama-Variable attenuators angasetshenziswa kuzilungiselelo zamandla esignali aguquguqukayo lapho amasignali angafika ngamandla ahlukene ngezikhathi ezahlukene futhi ngenxa yalokho lapho amandla awo angadinga ukulungiswa ngezikhathi ezithile. Angatholakala ezivivinyweni eziningi nasezilinganisweni lapho amasignali ehluka futhi ehluka khona.
I-fibre optic attenuatorNokho, kulo mongo, kusho isesekeli esakhiwe ngenhloso efanayo yokunciphisa ukukhanya ngezinga elinqunyiwe. Ngamanye amazwi, lokhu kungenziwa ngezinqubo ezifana nokumuncwa, ukuphambuka, kanye nokubonakaliswa. Zonke ezintathu zinezinzuzo zazo futhi zikhethwa kuye ngokuthi isicelo sisebenza kanjani.
Ama-Attenuator Okumunca: Lawa ma-attenuator afaka izinto ezicwilisa ngempumelelo ingxenye yesignali yokukhanya futhi zivimbele ukuthi ingabi namandla kangako. Enye yezinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele lapho uthuthukisa ama-attenuator asekelwe endleleni yokusebenza yokumunca ukukhetha izinto kanye nesakhiwo ukuze lokhu kunikeze ukuncishiswa okucishe kuhlale njalo phakathi nesikhathi sobude be-wavelength obufunayo ngaphandle kokuletha ukulahlekelwa okwengeziwe.
Ama-Attenuator Ahlukanisayo: Ama-Attenuator asekelwe ekusakazeni okukhanyayo asebenza ngesimiso sokudala ngamabomu ukulahlekelwa ngendlela yokuphambuka kwendawo ku-fiber ukuze okunye kokukhanya kwesigameko kushaye udonga oluyinhloko bese kuhlakazeka kuphume ku-fiber. Ngenxa yalokho, lo mphumela wokuhlakazeka uholela ebuthakathakeni besignali ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni ikhono lendabuko le-fiber. Umklamo kufanele uqinisekise ukusatshalaliswa kanye namaphethini e-PUF alindelekile ukuze afinyelele amazinga okuncipha adingekayo.
Ama-Attenuator Abonakalisayo: Ama-Attenuator abonakalisayo asebenza ngesimiso sokuphendula, lapho ingxenye yesignali yokukhanya ibuyiselwa emuva emthonjeni, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukudluliselwa kwesignali ngasendleleni eya phambili. Lawa ma-attenuator angafaka izingxenye ezibonisayo njengezibuko ngaphakathi kwendlela yokukhanya noma ukubekwa kwezibuko endleleni. Ukuhlelwa kwesistimu kumele kwenziwe ngendlela yokuthi ukubonakalisa kuphazamise uhlelo ngendlela yokuthi ikhwalithi yesignali ithinteke.
I-fibre optic attenuatorAma-s ayimikhiqizo ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokuxhumana ze-optical zanamuhla, okumele abaklami bazikhethe ngokucophelela. Ngokulawula izimpawu zamandla, lawa magajethi aqinisekisa ukugeleza kwedatha okuphephile nokuphumelelayo ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi. Ekusabalaleni, ukuncishiswa kwefayibha kuwukuba buthaka kwesignali okwenzeka ebangeni elithile ngenxa yokubonakaliswa kwesignali, ukuphazamiseka, kanye nokuhlakazeka. Ukuze kuxazululwe le nkinga, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zama-attenuator onjiniyela okungadingeka bazazi futhi bazisebenzise. Ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana kwe-optical, umuntu akanakukhohlwa ukusebenza kahle kwama-attenuator e-fiber optic njengoba amadivayisi okufanele awathinte futhi awaklame azohlala efaneleka ekuxhumaneni kwalezi zinkundla eziyinkimbinkimbi.
