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Kei te piki haere tonu te hiahia mō te ipurangi tere me te whakawhiti raraunga haumaru. Nā tēnei hiahia, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā taura muka whatu hei whakawhiti i ngā whatunga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. I a tātou e whai ana kia mau tonu te oranga o te ao, me whakaaro tātou ki ngā painga taiao me ngā whai wāhitanga whanaketanga mau tonu o te hangarau muka whatu.Ngā taura muka whatuhe maha ngā painga o ngā taura parahi, ā, he mea matomato ake, he mea whai hua ake hoki mō ngā hanganga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero hou.
Te iti o ngā tukunga waro
Ko tētahi o ngā painga taiao nui rawa atu o te muka whatu me ngā taura ko te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro. Ka haria e ngā taura muka whatu ngā raraunga i roto i te ahua o ngā tohu mārama, he iti ake te kaha e pau ana i ngā tohu hiko i roto i ngā taura parahi. Nā tēnei āhuatanga penapena-pūngao ka iti ake te whakamahinga hiko me te iti iho o ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi. Kua whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he iti ake te tukunga o ngā hononga muka.CO2ia tau ki te whakataurite ki ngā hononga parahi. Mā te whai huatanga o te pūngao o ngā taura muka whatu ka whakaitihia te hiahia mō ngā pūnaha whakamatao, ā, ka whakaitihia hoki te whakamahinga pūngao.
Te Whakamahinga Tauwhiro o ngā Rauemi
Ka whakamahia te hauhāora silicon hei hanga taura muka whatu, he matū taiao i hangaia mai i te silicon me te hāora. He ngāwari te uru atu ki ēnei rauemi, ā, he nui hoki, he rerekē ki te parahi, e hiahia ana ki ngā mahi keri nui. Ka whakangaromia te kāinga noho e te tukanga tango parahi, ka parahanga wai, ka nui hoki ngā tapuwae waro. I te whakamahi i te hauhāora silicon i roto ingā taura muka whatu, ka iti rawa te utu mō te kohikohi rauemi mata hei tiaki i te taiao. He iti ake ngā rauemi e whakamahia ana e ngā taura muka whatu i roto i te hanga i ngā taura parahi, ā, he mama ake, he angiangi ake hoki. Ko te iti o te whakamahinga rauemi he iti ake hoki te utu mō te taiao.
Te Roa o te Ora me te Manawanui
He tino ātete, he roa hoki ngā taura muka whatu. He pai ake te ātete ki ngā kaha o te taiao, arā, ngā āhuatanga huarere kino me te pokanoa hikohiko. Nō reira, ko te tikanga o te ātete, he iti ake te whakakapinga me te tiaki, he iti ake te para, ā, he iti ake te kino ki te taiao, arā, te hanga me te whakatinana i ngā taura hou. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā taura muka whatu mō ngā tekau tau, engari ko ngā taura parahi ka taea te whakakapi i roto i te wā e rima tau te roa. He roa te roa o te ora o ngā taura muka whatu, e tiaki ana i ngā rauemi, e whakaiti ana hoki i te tapuwae waro o ngā waka whakatika me ngā mahi tiaki.
Tautoko mō ngā Hangarau Kakariki
He mea nui te mahi a te hangarau muka whatu hei whakatinana i ngā momo hangarau matomato. Mā te kaha tere o te ipurangi muka whatu ka taea te hononga tere, ā, mā tēnei ka taea ai mahi mamaome te mahi mai i te kāinga, te whakaiti i te maha o ngā tāngata e haere ana ki ngā rori, me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro e pā ana ki te kawe waka.Ngā whatunga muka whatuka taea te waihanga me te whakamahi i ngā whatunga atamai me ngā whare atamai, e arotau ana i te whakamahinga pūngao, e taea ai hoki te penapena pūngao. Haunga tēnā, ka taea e te ipurangi muka whatu te whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā tono o nāianei pēnei i te hui ataata, te petipeti ipurangi, te hokohoko ipurangi, me te mahi waea-mai.
Te iti o te pokanoa hikohiko
He rerekē te taura muka whatu i te taura parahi, he ātete ki te pokanoa hikohiko (EMI). Nā te ātete ki te EMI ka puta he hononga pumau, pumau hoki, e kore e pokanoa ki ētahi atu pūnaha e tata ana. Mā te whakaiti i te EMI, ka puta he pūnaha whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pumau mā te muka whatu. Ki te kore he EMI, kāore he take mō te tiaki anō, e penapena ana i ngā rauemi me ngā para. He ngoikore ngā taura parahi ki te EMI, ā, he nui ake te kaha e whakamahia ana hei tuku raraunga, ka pā pea ki te mahi a ētahi atu taputapu hiko.
Te Whakamahinga o te Taura ASU
Tautoko-ā-Whaiaro Katoa-Dielectrictaura (ASU), he taura muka whatu tēnei, ā, he āhuatanga anō tōna, he hoa mō te taiao. Ka taea te whakairi i ngā taura ASU ki te rangi, kāore he tautoko tāpiri, he waea karere rānei e hiahiatia ana. Ko te hoahoa hiko-kore katoa e tohu ana kāore he rauemi whakarewa, nō reira kāore e pāngia e te pokanoa hikohiko, ā, he pai rawa atu mō te whakairi ki te taha o ngā raina hiko. Nā te mama me te kaha nui, ka taea te whakatakoto ki runga i ngā rori me ngā whare me te kore e pokanoa ki te taiao. He ātete hoki te papa taratara o waho ki te waikura matū, te hihi ultraviolet, me te pakaru tinana, ka roa ake te wā e whakamahia ana i waho.
He pai mō te taiao ngā taura muka whatu, ā, he mea nui rawa atu mō te whanaketanga pumau. Ko te roa o te ora, te whai hua o te pūngao, te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi matomato, te whakamahinga o te hangarau matomato, te iti o te pokanoa hikohiko, me te whakamahinga i roto i ngā taura ASU, koinei ngā take he kōwhiringa pai rawa atu ēnei mō ngā hanganga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whatu i ēnei rā. Mā te haumi ki te hangarau muka whatu ka taea e tātou te whakaiti i tō tātou tapuwae waro, te penapena rauemi, me te hanga i tētahi heke mai matomato ake. I te piki haere o te hiahia mō te ipurangi tere, ka nui haere te whakamahinga o ngā taura muka whatu hei hanga i tētahi ao matomato ake, pumau ake hoki.
